30 April 1707
The Acts of Union 1707 followed a decade of Scottish economic disaster, most sharply the collapse of the Darien scheme, a failed colonial venture in Panama that lost the country's investors well over £150,000. Negotiators from both parliaments, thirty-one apiece, met in London through the spring and summer of 1706 and produced a twenty-five-article treaty offering Scotland a cash payment known as the Equivalent, parliamentary representation, and guaranteed protection for its church and legal system. The Scottish Parliament ratified the treaty in January 1707 by a vote of 110 to 67, with 123 of its 300 members absent, amid public opposition strong enough to produce riots in several Scottish cities and allegations, still debated, that some votes had been bought.