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Semiconductors

Sand, refined into the bottleneck of the world economy.

73: briefs
7: subjects
10:14: average
747 min: in total

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9:52

Klaus von Klitzing

A single number, RK, turned resistance into a quantum ruler — but it measures only one kind of perfection.

10:19

Perovskite solar cells began with CsSnI3 in a solid-state dye-sensitized architecture. They proved 3D halide perovskites could act as efficient semiconductors — not just additives — and enabled rapid efficiency gains: 3.8% to 27% (single-junction) and 34.85% (silicon tandem) between 2009 and 2025. The materials are cheap and simple to make. But no source names Kojima or Park, reports stability, or confirms real-world deployment.

13:00

Integrated circuit

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13:00

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Three Bell Labs physicists built a working solid-state amplifier in December 1947, and the falling-out that followed shaped how the transistor reached the market as much as the physics did.

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9:05

Game Boy

Gunpei Yokoi

The Game Boy is industrial design as strategic subtraction.

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